What are stem cells? | therapy and type of stem cells

Stem cells are cells in our body that do cell repairing and regeneration during an organ or tissue injury. Stem cells are present in multiple sites in an adult human such as bone marrow, blood brain and skin etc. Due to stem cells regeneration ability, stem cell technology or therapy is considered a promising approach in modern treatment strategies
Types of stem cells
Based on origin, stem cells are divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells are stem cells that exist in early-stage embryo in females after pregnancy. These can be isolated from embryo and regenerated in the laboratory. Adult stem cells are stem cells that are present in skin epidermis, bone marrow and lining of the small intestine. They continuously replace old and dead intestinal cells.
Uses of stem cell therapy
Worldwide, many institutions are working on creation of body organs and tissues using stem cell technology. In stem cell therapy, scientists are working mainly on tissue regeneration, bone disease treatment, blood disease treatment, cardiovascular disease treatment and cell deficiency treatment.
Tissue regeneration
Stem cells can be changed and modified to use them for formation of a specific tissue or organ such as use of stem cells in place of injured cells or replacement of burned skin site.
Brain disease treatment
In future, stem cell therapy can be used to regenerate damaged brain cells from stem cells, which can be useful in treating Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Blood disease treatment
Blood stem cells means hematopoietic stem cells can be used in formation of red blood cells or disease-fighting white blood cells in a laboratory.
Cardiovascular disease treatment
Stem cells can be used for formation of new blood vessels such as a team of researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital successfully created blood vessels, in 2013, from human stem cells in a laboratory mouse. In this way, new blood vessels can be used to replace closed blood vessels of heart.
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