RFK on LSD: "Great Potential and Great Danger to Our Population" - Drug Research Hearings (1966)

How the CIA experimented with LSD on unsuspecting Americans: https://open.substack.com/pub/thememoryhole/p/the-cia-guide-to-ruining-someones

Testimony of:
Charles Clay Dahlberg, M.D., associate professor of psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Archie Jackson, supervisor, Community Action Program, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Richard Blum, Ph.D., consultant, President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
Martin Engle, M.D., Chief Medical Director, Veterans' Administration
Daniel X. Freedman, M.D., professor of psychiatry, Yale University

Sidney Cohen, MD (7 Jun 1910, New York City – 8 May 1987, Santa Monica) was a psychiatrist, professor of medicine, and author, known as a leading expert on LSD, marijuana, cocaine, and other mood altering drugs.

Cohen graduated from Columbia University as a pharmacist in 1930. After study at the City College of New York, he then studied medicine in Germany, where he received in 1938 his medical degree from the University of Bonn. He did his medical internship at Queens General Hospital in New York City. After completing his internship he joined the U.S. Army Medical Corps, extensively participated in the WW II Pacific campaign, and was eventually promoted to colonel. (He served as a colonel in the U.S. Army Reserves until he retired from the Army in 1963.) After the end of WW II, he completed his residency at Wadsworth VA Hospital in Los Angeles. At Wadsworth VA Hospital, he became the chief of psychiatric service. There he was the Assistant Chief of Medical Service from 1948 to 1960. When UCLA's medical school was started in the late 1940s, many Wadsworth VA physicians served as faculty. At the UCLA School of Medicine, Cohen became in 1954 a faculty member and served as an associate clinical professor until 1970. From 1968 to 1970 he was on academic leave of absence when he was appointed by Richard Nixon in 1968 as the first director of the NIMH's Division of Narcotic Abuse and Drug Addiction. Cohen returned to the UCLA School of Medicine in 1970 when he was promoted to clinical professor. He was the author or co-author of a number of books and over 300 articles.

In the 1950s he was a pioneer in research on LSD. He did research on barbiturates, amphetamines, and tranquilizers, as well as hallucinogens.

Sidney Cohen is perhaps most well-known in popular culture for LSD experiments he conducted with Keith Ditman, Betty Eisner and Gerald Heard, based on correspondence with Humphrey Osmond, in the mid-1950s. Cohen also conducted a number of very loosely-controlled experiments with LSD, resulting in descriptions of LSD experiences. Cohen provided LSD to Clare Boothe Luce and Bill Wilson, founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, among numerous others. After becoming convinced that use of LSD could be dangerous, particularly if unsupervised, Cohen maintained a public anti-LSD stance and sometimes testy discourse with Timothy Leary.[3]

Cohen also provided the LSD used by Aldous Huxley in his deathbed experience and advocated LSD research, particularly for the terminally ill, until his own death in 1987.

Upon his death he was survived by his widow, Ilse, a daughter, Dorothy, and a son, Richard.

Beyond within: the LSD story. New York: Atheneum. 1964; foreword by Gardner Murphy
with Richard Alpert: LSD. New York: New American Library. 1966; foreword and photography by Lawrence Schiller
Drug dilemma. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1968.
Cocaine today. New York: American Council on Marijuana and other Psychoactive Drugs. 1981.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Cohen

Daniel Xander Freedman (17 August 1921 – 3 June 1993) was a psychiatrist and educator, pioneer in biological psychiatry.

Born in Lafayette, Indiana, he performed pioneering studies in the relationship between drugs and behavior. Researching brain mechanism in allergy, he discovered the link of hallucinogens to brain transmitters. He also found biological effects of environmental stress on the brain, and identified hyperserotonemia in autism.

After attending Harvard College in the class of 1943, he enlisted in United States Army Signal Corps in July 1942.[1][2] He later attended Yale School of Medicine and ultimately became Professor of Psychiatry at Yale until 1966 when he left Yale to become Chairman of the Psychiatry department at the University of Chicago where he continued his psychopharmaceutical research, primarily concerned with 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).

The final phase of his career was spent at University of California, Los Angeles as professor of Psychiatry. His wife, Mary Freedman is a talented artist.

As Dan Freedman, he was a talented and humorous musician. One of his specialties was accompanying himself on the piano while giving a fine impression of Groucho Marx singing "Lydia the Tattooed Lady".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_X._Freedman