INCISED WOUNDS-3 SUICIDAL & HOMICIDAL CUT THROAT FABRICATED SELF INFLICTED DEFENSE #incised-wounds

​ @DR JAVED IQBAL KHOKHAR LECTURES-FORENSIC MEDICINE

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MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF SHARP EDGED INJURIES:

Differences in Suicidal & Homicidal Cut Throat

Hesitational or Tentative Cuts:
Hesitation Cuts derive their name from the hesitation with which the these incisions are made by the person intending to commit suicide by a cutting instrument.
Hesitational or Tentative Cuts:
He usually make preliminary cuts before gathering sufficient courage to make a final deep incision.
Hesitational or Tentative Cuts:
He is in fact trying to find out, how painful it would be to make a deeper and fatal cut.

These tentative cuts are small, multiple superficial and skin deep. They are seen at the commencement of incised wound and merge with the main incision.

They are commonly seen in suicidal Cut Throat and at the suicidal cuts at the Wrist.
Important in differentiating homicidal / suicidal injuries.

Hesitational or Tentative Cuts:
A right handed person will hold the razor in his right hand and will start incising from left to right. The tailing of the wound is therefore seen on the right side.
Hesitation cuts are not found in homicidal assaults.

Features

The Post-Mortem Examination in such cases should also include incisions on the arms and wrists to reveal the Bruises caused by restraints.

Diagnosis
Very careful Physical examination
Characteristics will be of Fabrication.

Examination of clothes:
No Corresponding Cuts on the clothes.
History of the case

The explanation of the fabricator will be found so inconsistent with the observed facts that no doubt is left.

These injuries are sustained by a person as a result of his spontaneous reaction to protect himself when attacked.

Immediate and instinctive reaction of the victim to save himself by raising arms or grasping the weapon.

The nature of injuries will depend upon the kind of weapon used.

The person may either try to grasp the weapon, or raise the upper limb to ward off the attack.

And may sustain injuries to those body parts which are used to defend himself.

These defense wounds are usually found on the grasping surfaces of hands, ulnar border of forearm, or raised upper limb.
Or Dorsum of Palm when used to cover Head or Face.
Defense Injuries are not necessarily confined to Upper Limbs.

Person falling down may use his legs to defend himself, and will receive injuries to lower legs.
If he ducks down, he will receive injuries at back.
So any body part may be injured depending upon the method of defense.
Defense Injuries are also indicator of Homicidal Attack .
They also indicate that, the victim was alive, conscious, aware and ability to resist the attack.
Defense injuries will not be found, if the victim is unconscious and unaware to defend himself.
So at autopsy detailed examination is required on all sides of the body.

OTHER MEDICO-LEGAL ISSUES
1. Ante-Mortem or Post-Mortem
2. Timing of Injury
3. Manner of Infliction
4. Kind of Weapon Used
5. Complications