Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease - Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral infection, which usually affects infants and kids.
Rarely adults.
Infection involves the hands, feet, mouth and sometimes other areas of skin. For example genitals.
Hand, foot and mouth disease can start with a low-grade fever, reduced appetite, and general malaise. The most common hand, foot, and mouth disease presenting symptom is usually mouth or throat pain secondary to the enanthem.
Skin presentation of hand, foot and mouth disease is, vesicles surrounded by a thin halo of erythema, eventually rupturing and forming superficial ulcers with a grey-yellow base and erythematous rim.
The exanthem can be macular, papular or vesicular. The lesions are non-pruritic, and typically not painful. The exanthem involves the dorsum of the hand, feet, buttocks, legs, and arms.
Hand, foot and mouth disease can also present with atypical features like concomitant aseptic meningitis.
The disease is caused by coxsackieviruses or enterovirus. These viruses are common and transmitted by fecal-oral route.
Coxsackieviruses can also cause viral meningitis, but such cases are rare.
Coxsackieviruses are divided into A and B group and each several serotypes.
The cause of hand, foot and mouth disease commonly is caused by coxsackievirus A type 16, but the infection can also be caused by many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus.
This viral infection is not indigenous and can occur worldwide, but most commonly correlated with outbreaks in daycares, summer camps or within family. Common among children under the age 10, rather than adults.
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease is usually made clinically. The virus can be detected in the stool for about 6 weeks after infection, however, shedding from oropharynx is usually less than 4 weeks.
Treatment:
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a mild clinical syndrome and will resolve within 7 to 10 days. Treatment is supportive.
Pain and fever can be managed with NSAIDs and acetaminophen.
Intaking fluids is important for well hydration.
Mixture of liquid ibuprofen and liquid diphenhydramine can be used to gargle with which helps coat the ulcers, ameliorating the pain.

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